Wisconsin manual of control recommendations for ecologically invasive plants. The specific name alnus and the common name alder buckthorn may be related to the frequent occurrence of f. Frangula alnus, closeup of fruits, late flowers and leaves in a garden. Manual, mechanical and chemical methods are all useful to varying degrees in controlling buckthorns. Rhamnus cathartica and frangula alnus report 200405. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, and the individual patients condition, hoxsey would add to a basic solution of cascara rhamnus purshiana and potassium iodide one or more of the following plant substances. Pest management invasive plant control buckthorns rhamnus. Removing or killing plants will provide increased light at the. Frangula alnus was probably introduced to north america about 200 years ago, and in canada about 100 years ago. Only potential vegetation types from northcentral and northeastern us habitats where glossy buckthorn is most widely distributed are listed in the table below.
Frangula alnus seeds are efficiently dispersed usually by starlings, blackbirds, woodducks, elk, mice ridley 1930, cedar waxwings, robins and blue jays. The leaf margins are smoothentire and tend to be slightly wavy. Frangula alnus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Frangula alnus assessment answers are underlined and. Frangula alnus assessment answers are underlined and in bold. Frangula bark consists of the dried, whole or fragmented bark of the stems and branches of rhamnus frangula l. The wood has been used to make butchers skewers which are known in some areas as dogs, hence the alternative common name of black dogwood fraser, 2003. Glossy buckthorn frangula alnus is a shrub or small, multistemmed tree. In 1754, miller described the genus frangula, and in 1768, the species frangula alnus. Frangula alnus glossy buckthorn fral4 8004 european alder alder buckthorn form. Only potential vegetation types from northcentral and northeastern us habitats where glossy buckthorn is most widely distributed are listed in. Note that the pdf version is the booklet as published, whereas the excel spreadsheet incorporates subsequent corrections. Rhamnus frangula columnaris tallhedge buckthorn foliage is oval like the species form, but its habit is very columnar and it is often used as a tall visual screen to hide utilities or demarcate property lines, or in formal gardens to partition outdoor rooms.
How rhamnus frangula is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. A taxonomic species within the family rhamnaceae alder buckthorn. Detailed information on wisconsin invasive species including decription, habitats, control methods usda plants database. List of various diseases cured by rhamnus frangula. It is also commonly called glossy buckthorn in reference to its glossy leaves. Frangula article about frangula by the free dictionary. Frangula alnus baetica, which occur at the limits of geographic range for this. Alderleaved buckthorn rhamnus alnifolia has serrate leaf margins. Frangula alnus had the highest importance index value of 0. Luteolin is present in the form of the free aglycone and as.
An illustrated flora of the northern united states, canada and the british possessions. Anatomical analysis and phytochemical screening of frangula. Preparation of extracts extraction was done in a percolator using 70% ethanol. Frangula alnus the following table provides fire regime information vegetation types where glossy buckthorn may occur.
They were probably introduced to the us before 1800 but did not become widespread until the early 1900s. We tested whether killing buckthorn stems before logging reduces its postlogging abundance and increases the density and height of eastern white pine pinus strobus l. A recent molecular study by bolmgren and oxelman 2004. It found one genusspecific leaf hopper, a free living sap sucker. Frangula alnus euforgen european forest genetic resources programme. Forests free fulltext prelogging treatment of invasive.
Pdf the effects of frangula alnus miller on hek cells in. Glossy buckthorn can either grow as a multistemmed shrub or singlestemmed tree up to 23 7 m tall. The results can also be downloaded as a csv file unicode utf8 encoding see status, confidence level, source for definitions. Frangula alnus definition of frangula alnus by medical. Frangula definition of frangula by medical dictionary. Department of agriculture agricultural research service. Foliage the dark green leaves are shiny, alternate sometime opposite and simple with prominent venation.
Luteolin is present in the form of the free aglycone and as luteolin glucosides. The author name for frangula alnus is cited as either miller orp. Also resembles common buckthorn rhamnus cathartica l. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in rhamnus frangula. Frangula alnus online atlas of the british and irish flora. Biological control ofbuckthorns rhamnus cathartica and. Rhamnus frangula landscape plants oregon state university.
Frangula alnus usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. Pdf vaccinium myrtillus leaves and frangula alnus bark derived. It can be a host in the life cycle of the crown rust fungus puccinia coronata, which affects oat and barley 15, 16. Leaves are darkgreen and glossy above while dull green below. Resembles the native carolina buckthorn frangula caroliniana walt. Glossy buckthorn michigan natural features inventory. Maine natural areas program, invasive plants, glossy buckthorn. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Leaves are deciduous, simple, and generally arrang ed alternately.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It was planted for hedgerows, forestry plantings, and wildlife habitat, but has become an invasive species, invading forests in the northeastern united states and wetlands and moist forest in the midwestern united states. Frangula alnus wikispecies, free species directory. Molecular phylogeny of alnus betulaceae, inferred from nuclear ribosomal dna its sequences article pdf available in plant and soil 2541. Federal distribution and detailed information including photos university of wisconsin green bay. Considered to be the most ornamental of the buckthorns. Pdf molecular phylogeny of alnus betulaceae, inferred.
Clusters about 1 inch across in the leaf axils of new growth, 2 to 8 flowers in a cluster. Pdf due to constantly increasing antibiotic resistance of pathogens and. Frangula alnus is commonly called alder buckthorn because it is frequently seen in the wild growing in moist soils near alders genus alnus. Benefits of alder buckthorn rhamnus frangula for health. Discover lifes page about the biology, natural history, ecology, identification and distribution of frangula alnus alder buckthorn discover life. Rhamnus frangula herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects. Frangula alnus is from bosnia, frangula alnus from serbia, rosmarinus officinalis is a free growing plant from the mediterranean. Plant communities of highland heights community park, cuyahoga county, ohio 1 the glossy buckthorn rhamnus frangula also mildly poisonous has bark and growth form that looks somewhat similar to the chokecherry. Hardy to usda zone 3 native to europe, western asia and north africa. In this in this laboratory experimental study, hek cells were exposed to 10,1,0.
Gray, but its leaf margins are finely serrated serrulate and leaves are 3 times as long as wide. The alder buckthorn is characterized by the presence of glossy oval shaped green leaves, each of which can be one to three inches in length, the leaves are borne on the stem in alternate rows and are not ridged. It is native to a large temperate area across europe, from portugal in west to western china in east. Appearance frangula alnus is a large shrub or small tree that can grow to heights of 30 ft. Frangula alnus is well known for anthranoid content, and its stem bark and. Names of rhamnus frangula in various languages of the world are also given. Frangula alnus primarily reproduce by seed converse, 1984. The alder buckthorn can be considered a deciduous shrub or even a small tree, the plant often reaches 20 feet in height when fully mature. Download includes an excel spreadsheet of the attributes, and a pdf explaining the background and nomenclature. Frangula alnus miller, rhamnus frangula alder buckthorn, ziziphus.
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